What it costs to run an appliance, by state

Of the 18 uses priced here, electric space heating adds the most to a year’s bill: a median of $1,180 in Pennsylvania. The least is a washing machine in Arizona, at $8. Each figure is the difference the appliance makes to a real bill: the home priced with and without it, on every published plan a household there can take, at the consumption the federal residential survey measured.

Not a wattage multiplied by a guess at how long you use it. The consumption is what 18,496 surveyed households actually used (EIA Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2020, retrieved September 2, 2026). A state figure appears only where at least 30 of them have the appliance; below that it is left out rather than filled in from a national average.

Not every utility. 1211 tariffs from 217 utilities, retrieved up to October 8, 2026. A utility missing here is one that has not been indexed yet.

Every appliance, from its cheapest state to its dearest
Appliance	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest state	Dearest state
Electric space heating	34%	3,248 kWh	$175Arizona	$1,180Pennsylvania
Pool pump	7%	2,384 kWh	$258Arizona	$718California
Electric water heater	47%	2,706 kWh	$281Arizona	$690California
Air conditioning	89%	2,318 kWh	$136Washington	$670California
Hot tub heater	4%	1,479 kWh	$172Florida	$528California
Refrigerator	99%	839 kWh	$106North Carolina	$338California
Dehumidifier	17%	999 kWh	$116Minnesota	$287California
TVs and streaming devices	97%	632 kWh	$76Arizona	$241California
Electric clothes dryer	67%	680 kWh	$77Arizona	$221California
Lighting	100%	654 kWh	$78Arizona	$214California
Separate freezer	33%	570 kWh	$72Arizona	$213California
Hot tub pump	5%	484 kWh	$45Arizona	$181California
Electric stove and oven	65%	290 kWh	$30Arizona	$96California
Ceiling fans	72%	227 kWh	$16Washington	$57California
Microwave	96%	107 kWh	$13Texas	$44California
Dishwasher	69%	112 kWh	$11Arizona	$40California
Humidifier	24%	139 kWh	$14Texas	$36Michigan
Washing machine	84%	69 kWh	$8Arizona	$25California

Median added cost a year on the plans any household can take in the state, fixed charges included, taxes excluded. Share and use are the survey's national figures, use among homes that have the appliance. Each appliance's full table by state is further down.

Is the gap between states use, or price?

For 10 of the 18 uses, the dearest state is California and the cheapest is Arizona. For every one of them the gap is mostly what electricity costs: homes in California use 0.7× to 1.2× as many kWh on each as homes in Arizona do, and each kWh adds 3.4× as much to the bill.

Across all 18, most of the gap is the price of a kWh except for electric space heating, where most of it is how much the appliance is used.

The dearest state against the cheapest, split into use and price
Appliance	States	Bill	Use	Price per kWh	Mostly
Electric space heating	Pennsylvania vs Arizona	6.7×	3.6×	1.9×	use
Pool pump	California vs Arizona	2.8×	0.8×	3.4×	price
Electric water heater	California vs Arizona	2.5×	0.7×	3.4×	price
Air conditioning	California vs Washington	4.9×	1.8×	2.7×	price
Hot tub heater	California vs Florida	3.1×	1.1×	2.9×	price
Refrigerator	California vs North Carolina	3.2×	1.0×	3.2×	price
Dehumidifier	California vs Minnesota	2.5×	1.0×	2.5×	price
TVs and streaming devices	California vs Arizona	3.2×	0.9×	3.4×	price
Electric clothes dryer	California vs Arizona	2.9×	0.8×	3.4×	price
Lighting	California vs Arizona	2.8×	0.8×	3.4×	price
Separate freezer	California vs Arizona	3.0×	0.9×	3.4×	price
Hot tub pump	California vs Arizona	4.1×	1.2×	3.4×	price
Electric stove and oven	California vs Arizona	3.2×	0.9×	3.4×	price
Ceiling fans	California vs Washington	3.6×	1.4×	2.7×	price
Microwave	California vs Texas	3.4×	1.0×	3.4×	price
Dishwasher	California vs Arizona	3.5×	1.0×	3.4×	price
Humidifier	Michigan vs Texas	2.6×	1.4×	1.9×	price
Washing machine	California vs Arizona	3.3×	1.0×	3.4×	price

The bill ratio is the product of the other two: how many more kWh homes in the dearer state use on the appliance, times how much more each of those kWh adds to the bill there. 'Mostly' names the larger of the two, compared on a log scale.

What the choice of plan is worth

Inside one state, the same use costs a different amount on each plan. The widest gap here is electric space heating in Illinois: $501 a year on the cheapest plan a household can take and $1,816 on the dearest, $1,315 for identical use.

A household can only choose among its own utility’s plans, and the rate comparator ranks them for the use it is given.

Where the choice of plan is worth most, by appliance
Appliance	State	Cheapest plan	Dearest plan	Difference
Electric space heating	Illinois	$501	$1,816	$1,315
Electric water heater	Illinois	$268	$972	$704
Pool pump	California	$411	$914	$503
Air conditioning	Illinois	$190	$690	$500
Hot tub heater	New York	$208	$620	$411
Dehumidifier	Illinois	$112	$407	$295
Refrigerator	Illinois	$102	$371	$269
Electric clothes dryer	Illinois	$82	$296	$215
Lighting	Illinois	$79	$285	$206
TVs and streaming devices	Illinois	$77	$279	$202
Separate freezer	Illinois	$71	$256	$185
Hot tub pump	New York	$68	$203	$135
Electric stove and oven	Illinois	$36	$131	$95
Ceiling fans	Illinois	$19	$70	$51
Humidifier	Illinois	$18	$66	$48
Dishwasher	Illinois	$15	$56	$40
Microwave	Illinois	$13	$49	$35
Washing machine	Illinois	$9	$31	$22

Added annual cost of the appliance on the cheapest and the dearest plan any household can take in the state where the two differ most.

Why an added kWh is not billed at the average

In every one of the 286 appliance-and-state figures above, the cheapest plan charges less for each kWh the appliance adds than the bill averages across all of its kWh. The fixed charge is part of that average and is paid whether or not the appliance runs, so the added kWh do not carry it.

In 238 of them the dearest plan charges more for an added kWh than that average: on a tiered schedule the appliance’s use lands on top of everything else the home uses, in the highest band it reaches. In Arizona, California, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Virginia, and Washington it happens for every appliance priced, which makes it a property of those states’ tariffs rather than of any one appliance.

Each appliance, state by state

Added annual cost on the plans any household can take, fixed charges included, taxes excluded. Share of homes and use are the survey’s figures for the state; use is the mean among homes that have the appliance, with the middle half of homes beneath it.

Electric space heating

All electricity used for space heating, main and secondary, in homes whose main heating fuel is electricity. The fans and pumps that move the heat around the house are counted separately by the survey and are not included. In 34% of homes nationally, using a mean of 3,248 kWh a year. What electric heating adds to a bill, state by state compares the schedules some utilities publish only for this use.

What electric space heating adds to a year’s bill, by state
State	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest	Median	Dearest
Pennsylvania	26%	5,371 kWh1,534 kWh–7,352 kWh	$967	$1,180	$1,205
Ohio	23%	5,731 kWh1,788 kWh–8,649 kWh	$961	$1,035	$1,467
Illinois	17%	3,964 kWh742 kWh–5,563 kWh	$501	$867	$1,816
Minnesota	14%	5,336 kWh610 kWh–6,841 kWh	$833	$865	$870
Massachusetts	17%	2,950 kWh698 kWh–3,371 kWh	$744	$831	$1,279
Washington	55%	4,824 kWh1,559 kWh–6,859 kWh	$495	$735	$1,004
New York	16%	2,982 kWh461 kWh–2,838 kWh	$460	$660	$1,367
Oregon	45%	4,250 kWh1,268 kWh–5,889 kWh	$604	$627	$812
New Jersey	16%	2,475 kWh438 kWh–3,756 kWh	$480	$539	$693
Virginia	50%	3,302 kWh1,298 kWh–4,641 kWh	$507	$517	$831
North Carolina	62%	3,250 kWh1,383 kWh–4,575 kWh	$243	$408	$483
Colorado	16%	2,440 kWh402 kWh–3,005 kWh	$292	$394	$399
Georgia	46%	2,910 kWh1,272 kWh–3,910 kWh	$255	$355	$468
California	20%	843 kWh211 kWh–1,040 kWh	$196	$343	$437
Texas	51%	2,603 kWh702 kWh–3,585 kWh	$292	$318	$364
Florida	66%	1,565 kWh484 kWh–1,855 kWh	$192	$221	$247
Arizona	51%	1,480 kWh468 kWh–1,690 kWh	$169	$175	$257

Pool pump

The circulation pump and its filtration cycle. Pool heating is not included. In 7% of homes nationally, using a mean of 2,384 kWh a year.

What a pool pump adds to a year’s bill, by state
State	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest	Median	Dearest
California	7%	1,765 kWh674 kWh–2,019 kWh	$411	$718	$914
New Jersey	8%	2,625 kWh1,546 kWh–3,460 kWh	$509	$572	$734
Massachusetts	6%	1,908 kWh850 kWh–2,530 kWh	$481	$538	$827
Pennsylvania	8%	1,924 kWh963 kWh–3,032 kWh	$346	$423	$431
Florida	18%	2,850 kWh1,387 kWh–3,595 kWh	$359	$394	$432
Georgia	7%	3,100 kWh1,475 kWh–4,068 kWh	$271	$378	$499
Texas	7%	2,956 kWh1,217 kWh–3,526 kWh	$331	$360	$406
New York	5%	1,600 kWh542 kWh–2,103 kWh	$247	$354	$734
Arizona	19%	2,185 kWh852 kWh–2,754 kWh	$249	$258	$380

Electric water heater

Electricity used to heat water for washing, bathing and appliances. In 47% of homes nationally, using a mean of 2,706 kWh a year.

What an electric water heater adds to a year’s bill, by state
State	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest	Median	Dearest
California	20%	1,694 kWh699 kWh–2,451 kWh	$395	$690	$878
Pennsylvania	45%	3,034 kWh1,310 kWh–4,054 kWh	$546	$667	$680
Michigan	27%	2,595 kWh975 kWh–3,501 kWh	$389	$592	$613
Massachusetts	30%	2,026 kWh1,043 kWh–2,619 kWh	$511	$571	$878
Oregon	66%	3,656 kWh1,697 kWh–4,775 kWh	$519	$539	$699
Ohio	38%	2,849 kWh1,466 kWh–3,788 kWh	$478	$515	$729
Washington	63%	3,261 kWh1,636 kWh–4,428 kWh	$335	$497	$692
Virginia	64%	3,156 kWh1,547 kWh–4,198 kWh	$485	$494	$794
Minnesota	38%	3,021 kWh1,206 kWh–4,152 kWh	$472	$490	$493
New Jersey	26%	2,192 kWh1,059 kWh–2,646 kWh	$425	$478	$613
New York	28%	2,116 kWh890 kWh–2,943 kWh	$326	$469	$970
Illinois	29%	2,123 kWh1,051 kWh–2,694 kWh	$268	$464	$972
Georgia	60%	3,263 kWh1,692 kWh–4,233 kWh	$285	$398	$525
Colorado	22%	2,397 kWh1,024 kWh–3,395 kWh	$287	$387	$392
North Carolina	75%	2,895 kWh1,674 kWh–3,868 kWh	$216	$363	$430
Florida	88%	2,354 kWh1,309 kWh–2,976 kWh	$303	$329	$364
Texas	55%	2,655 kWh1,416 kWh–3,529 kWh	$298	$324	$371
Arizona	56%	2,375 kWh1,198 kWh–3,119 kWh	$271	$281	$413

Air conditioning

All electricity used for cooling — central systems, window or wall units, and evaporative coolers. The furnace fan that moves the cooled air is counted separately by the survey and is not included. In 89% of homes nationally, using a mean of 2,318 kWh a year.

What air conditioning adds to a year’s bill, by state
State	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest	Median	Dearest
California	72%	1,646 kWh561 kWh–2,208 kWh	$383	$670	$853
Florida	96%	4,380 kWh2,353 kWh–5,576 kWh	$533	$614	$648
Arizona	94%	5,165 kWh2,662 kWh–6,996 kWh	$588	$611	$899
Texas	95%	3,979 kWh1,920 kWh–5,249 kWh	$446	$473	$524
New Jersey	97%	1,748 kWh723 kWh–2,416 kWh	$339	$381	$489
Georgia	95%	3,019 kWh1,491 kWh–4,066 kWh	$264	$369	$486
Virginia	95%	2,236 kWh968 kWh–2,859 kWh	$344	$350	$563
Massachusetts	87%	1,224 kWh592 kWh–1,640 kWh	$309	$345	$531
Pennsylvania	91%	1,553 kWh724 kWh–2,053 kWh	$280	$341	$348
Illinois	96%	1,506 kWh682 kWh–2,057 kWh	$190	$329	$690
North Carolina	91%	2,470 kWh1,177 kWh–3,368 kWh	$185	$310	$367
New York	88%	1,302 kWh572 kWh–1,638 kWh	$201	$288	$597
Michigan	87%	1,223 kWh531 kWh–1,654 kWh	$183	$279	$300
Ohio	94%	1,532 kWh730 kWh–2,113 kWh	$257	$277	$392
Colorado	82%	1,311 kWh491 kWh–1,738 kWh	$157	$212	$214
Minnesota	94%	1,039 kWh455 kWh–1,461 kWh	$162	$168	$169
Oregon	76%	1,020 kWh420 kWh–1,328 kWh	$145	$151	$195
Washington	53%	892 kWh288 kWh–1,098 kWh	$91	$136	$189

Hot tub heater

Keeping the water hot across a year, which is most of what a hot tub costs. In 4% of homes nationally, using a mean of 1,479 kWh a year.

What a hot tub heater adds to a year’s bill, by state
State	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest	Median	Dearest
California	4%	1,296 kWh509 kWh–2,037 kWh	$302	$528	$672
Oregon	9%	2,065 kWh1,264 kWh–2,787 kWh	$293	$305	$395
New York	3%	1,351 kWh426 kWh–2,026 kWh	$208	$299	$620
Washington	6%	1,882 kWh627 kWh–2,749 kWh	$193	$287	$399
Florida	5%	1,215 kWh266 kWh–1,831 kWh	$149	$172	$192

Refrigerator

Every refrigerator in the home, including a second one in a garage or basement. In 99% of homes nationally, using a mean of 839 kWh a year.

What a refrigerator adds to a year’s bill, by state
State	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest	Median	Dearest
California	100%	831 kWh515 kWh–1,063 kWh	$193	$338	$430
Massachusetts	99%	701 kWh445 kWh–833 kWh	$177	$197	$304
Michigan	100%	798 kWh510 kWh–985 kWh	$120	$182	$196
Pennsylvania	99%	815 kWh492 kWh–1,024 kWh	$147	$179	$183
New Jersey	100%	821 kWh489 kWh–1,041 kWh	$159	$179	$230
Illinois	99%	810 kWh497 kWh–1,054 kWh	$102	$177	$371
New York	100%	685 kWh430 kWh–828 kWh	$106	$152	$314
Ohio	99%	821 kWh523 kWh–1,026 kWh	$138	$148	$210
Colorado	100%	857 kWh522 kWh–1,065 kWh	$103	$138	$140
Virginia	100%	881 kWh542 kWh–1,159 kWh	$135	$138	$222
Florida	99%	923 kWh574 kWh–1,193 kWh	$113	$130	$146
Minnesota	100%	798 kWh519 kWh–975 kWh	$125	$129	$130
Oregon	99%	816 kWh490 kWh–1,085 kWh	$116	$120	$156
Washington	100%	773 kWh476 kWh–943 kWh	$79	$118	$164
Georgia	99%	929 kWh573 kWh–1,160 kWh	$84	$114	$150
Arizona	100%	925 kWh575 kWh–1,207 kWh	$105	$109	$161
Texas	100%	901 kWh541 kWh–1,137 kWh	$101	$107	$126
North Carolina	98%	847 kWh540 kWh–1,079 kWh	$63	$106	$126

Dehumidifier

Portable and whole-home dehumidifiers. In 17% of homes nationally, using a mean of 999 kWh a year.

What a dehumidifier adds to a year’s bill, by state
State	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest	Median	Dearest
California	4%	705 kWh114 kWh–1,158 kWh	$164	$287	$365
New Jersey	27%	1,125 kWh404 kWh–1,631 kWh	$218	$245	$315
Michigan	34%	1,021 kWh401 kWh–1,686 kWh	$153	$233	$252
Pennsylvania	34%	1,045 kWh386 kWh–1,614 kWh	$188	$230	$234
Ohio	30%	1,195 kWh398 kWh–1,852 kWh	$201	$216	$306
Florida	8%	1,436 kWh426 kWh–1,985 kWh	$176	$203	$227
Massachusetts	33%	716 kWh363 kWh–861 kWh	$181	$202	$310
New York	26%	884 kWh339 kWh–1,286 kWh	$136	$196	$405
Illinois	26%	888 kWh359 kWh–1,221 kWh	$112	$194	$407
North Carolina	13%	1,480 kWh415 kWh–2,178 kWh	$111	$186	$220
Virginia	19%	960 kWh369 kWh–1,349 kWh	$148	$150	$241
Texas	4%	1,197 kWh241 kWh–1,965 kWh	$134	$142	$167
Georgia	13%	1,114 kWh368 kWh–1,781 kWh	$101	$137	$180
Minnesota	43%	715 kWh340 kWh–803 kWh	$112	$116	$117

TVs and streaming devices

Televisions plus the set-top boxes, streaming sticks, game consoles and sound bars attached to them, in use and on standby. In 97% of homes nationally, using a mean of 632 kWh a year.

What TVs and streaming devices adds to a year’s bill, by state
State	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest	Median	Dearest
California	96%	592 kWh245 kWh–766 kWh	$138	$241	$307
Massachusetts	96%	538 kWh243 kWh–718 kWh	$136	$152	$233
Pennsylvania	97%	685 kWh316 kWh–891 kWh	$123	$151	$154
New Jersey	95%	638 kWh296 kWh–852 kWh	$124	$139	$178
Michigan	97%	593 kWh274 kWh–782 kWh	$89	$135	$146
Illinois	97%	609 kWh267 kWh–818 kWh	$77	$133	$279
New York	94%	546 kWh229 kWh–728 kWh	$84	$121	$250
Ohio	97%	668 kWh323 kWh–884 kWh	$112	$121	$171
Virginia	99%	625 kWh303 kWh–808 kWh	$96	$98	$157
Colorado	96%	597 kWh266 kWh–801 kWh	$71	$96	$98
Georgia	98%	772 kWh308 kWh–1,004 kWh	$70	$95	$125
Florida	99%	629 kWh286 kWh–843 kWh	$77	$89	$99
Minnesota	98%	534 kWh228 kWh–724 kWh	$83	$86	$87
Washington	94%	560 kWh232 kWh–740 kWh	$57	$85	$119
Texas	98%	716 kWh315 kWh–929 kWh	$80	$85	$100
Oregon	94%	576 kWh263 kWh–735 kWh	$82	$85	$110
North Carolina	97%	635 kWh270 kWh–824 kWh	$47	$80	$94
Arizona	99%	646 kWh294 kWh–839 kWh	$74	$76	$112

Electric clothes dryer

The heating element and drum motor across a year of loads. In 67% of homes nationally, using a mean of 680 kWh a year.

What an electric clothes dryer adds to a year’s bill, by state
State	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest	Median	Dearest
California	38%	544 kWh206 kWh–690 kWh	$127	$221	$282
Massachusetts	59%	635 kWh316 kWh–789 kWh	$160	$179	$275
Michigan	43%	654 kWh312 kWh–792 kWh	$98	$149	$161
Pennsylvania	66%	644 kWh271 kWh–800 kWh	$116	$142	$144
Illinois	38%	647 kWh293 kWh–870 kWh	$82	$141	$296
New Jersey	34%	647 kWh305 kWh–851 kWh	$125	$141	$181
New York	39%	601 kWh205 kWh–745 kWh	$93	$133	$276
Minnesota	60%	752 kWh309 kWh–890 kWh	$117	$122	$123
Ohio	73%	670 kWh309 kWh–843 kWh	$112	$121	$171
Colorado	79%	662 kWh316 kWh–861 kWh	$79	$107	$108
Washington	77%	683 kWh329 kWh–857 kWh	$70	$104	$145
Virginia	83%	655 kWh341 kWh–825 kWh	$101	$103	$165
Oregon	82%	685 kWh334 kWh–846 kWh	$97	$101	$131
North Carolina	87%	703 kWh331 kWh–910 kWh	$53	$88	$105
Florida	85%	622 kWh314 kWh–775 kWh	$76	$88	$98
Georgia	84%	704 kWh342 kWh–835 kWh	$64	$86	$114
Texas	75%	711 kWh336 kWh–875 kWh	$80	$84	$99
Arizona	76%	650 kWh322 kWh–831 kWh	$74	$77	$113

Lighting

Every light fixture and lamp in and immediately outside the home. In 100% of homes nationally, using a mean of 654 kWh a year.

What lighting adds to a year’s bill, by state
State	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest	Median	Dearest
California	100%	527 kWh173 kWh–624 kWh	$123	$214	$273
Massachusetts	100%	525 kWh160 kWh–655 kWh	$132	$148	$227
Pennsylvania	100%	642 kWh187 kWh–779 kWh	$116	$141	$144
New Jersey	100%	637 kWh175 kWh–751 kWh	$124	$139	$178
Illinois	100%	622 kWh176 kWh–785 kWh	$79	$136	$285
Michigan	100%	588 kWh167 kWh–708 kWh	$88	$134	$145
New York	100%	550 kWh149 kWh–666 kWh	$85	$122	$252
Virginia	100%	761 kWh208 kWh–864 kWh	$117	$119	$191
Ohio	100%	628 kWh229 kWh–738 kWh	$105	$113	$161
Washington	100%	736 kWh195 kWh–866 kWh	$75	$112	$156
Oregon	100%	744 kWh196 kWh–926 kWh	$106	$110	$142
Minnesota	100%	674 kWh208 kWh–787 kWh	$105	$109	$110
Colorado	100%	669 kWh217 kWh–779 kWh	$80	$108	$109
Georgia	100%	839 kWh253 kWh–1,038 kWh	$76	$103	$136
Texas	100%	804 kWh236 kWh–979 kWh	$90	$96	$112
North Carolina	100%	673 kWh226 kWh–841 kWh	$50	$84	$100
Florida	100%	581 kWh170 kWh–701 kWh	$71	$82	$92
Arizona	100%	655 kWh212 kWh–749 kWh	$75	$78	$114

Separate freezer

A standalone chest or upright freezer, not the freezer compartment of a fridge. In 33% of homes nationally, using a mean of 570 kWh a year.

What a separate freezer adds to a year’s bill, by state
State	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest	Median	Dearest
California	19%	524 kWh366 kWh–641 kWh	$122	$213	$271
Massachusetts	22%	450 kWh276 kWh–546 kWh	$114	$127	$195
Pennsylvania	38%	561 kWh332 kWh–654 kWh	$101	$123	$126
Illinois	32%	558 kWh342 kWh–662 kWh	$71	$122	$256
Michigan	42%	508 kWh277 kWh–622 kWh	$76	$116	$125
New Jersey	22%	523 kWh341 kWh–671 kWh	$101	$114	$146
New York	23%	467 kWh289 kWh–562 kWh	$72	$103	$214
Minnesota	53%	586 kWh330 kWh–689 kWh	$92	$95	$96
Florida	22%	663 kWh474 kWh–793 kWh	$81	$94	$105
Ohio	40%	500 kWh318 kWh–634 kWh	$84	$90	$128
Virginia	33%	565 kWh358 kWh–693 kWh	$87	$88	$142
Oregon	44%	598 kWh338 kWh–712 kWh	$85	$88	$114
Colorado	32%	534 kWh353 kWh–653 kWh	$64	$86	$87
Washington	37%	538 kWh294 kWh–698 kWh	$55	$82	$114
Texas	31%	656 kWh395 kWh–798 kWh	$74	$78	$92
Georgia	35%	610 kWh397 kWh–760 kWh	$55	$75	$99
North Carolina	31%	588 kWh370 kWh–711 kWh	$44	$74	$88
Arizona	26%	608 kWh413 kWh–749 kWh	$69	$72	$106

Hot tub pump

The circulation pump and jets, separately from the water heater. In 5% of homes nationally, using a mean of 484 kWh a year.

What a hot tub pump adds to a year’s bill, by state
State	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest	Median	Dearest
California	7%	444 kWh165 kWh–659 kWh	$103	$181	$230
Pennsylvania	4%	500 kWh124 kWh–830 kWh	$90	$110	$112
Oregon	10%	691 kWh367 kWh–969 kWh	$98	$102	$132
Washington	8%	643 kWh234 kWh–920 kWh	$66	$98	$137
New York	5%	442 kWh102 kWh–739 kWh	$68	$98	$203
Florida	7%	439 kWh113 kWh–695 kWh	$54	$62	$69
Texas	6%	464 kWh185 kWh–693 kWh	$52	$55	$65
Arizona	7%	376 kWh133 kWh–651 kWh	$43	$45	$65

Electric stove and oven

The cooktop and oven together. Microwaves are counted separately. In 65% of homes nationally, using a mean of 290 kWh a year.

What an electric stove and oven adds to a year’s bill, by state
State	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest	Median	Dearest
California	41%	237 kWh115 kWh–295 kWh	$55	$96	$123
Massachusetts	61%	297 kWh159 kWh–386 kWh	$75	$84	$129
Pennsylvania	62%	314 kWh135 kWh–398 kWh	$57	$69	$70
Illinois	39%	287 kWh124 kWh–353 kWh	$36	$63	$131
New York	41%	267 kWh113 kWh–341 kWh	$41	$59	$123
Michigan	57%	248 kWh122 kWh–331 kWh	$37	$57	$61
New Jersey	37%	254 kWh105 kWh–311 kWh	$49	$55	$71
Ohio	69%	285 kWh130 kWh–373 kWh	$48	$51	$73
Minnesota	72%	304 kWh145 kWh–401 kWh	$48	$49	$50
Virginia	74%	301 kWh136 kWh–377 kWh	$46	$47	$76
Oregon	79%	314 kWh150 kWh–388 kWh	$45	$46	$60
Colorado	73%	286 kWh139 kWh–373 kWh	$34	$46	$47
Washington	82%	289 kWh138 kWh–382 kWh	$30	$44	$61
North Carolina	88%	314 kWh145 kWh–405 kWh	$23	$39	$47
Florida	88%	277 kWh136 kWh–352 kWh	$34	$39	$44
Georgia	71%	309 kWh145 kWh–389 kWh	$28	$38	$50
Texas	70%	288 kWh128 kWh–384 kWh	$32	$34	$40
Arizona	71%	252 kWh121 kWh–330 kWh	$29	$30	$44

Ceiling fans

Every ceiling fan in the home across a year. In 72% of homes nationally, using a mean of 227 kWh a year.

What ceiling fans adds to a year’s bill, by state
State	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest	Median	Dearest
California	63%	140 kWh29 kWh–177 kWh	$33	$57	$73
Florida	83%	361 kWh50 kWh–631 kWh	$44	$51	$57
Texas	88%	367 kWh65 kWh–594 kWh	$41	$44	$51
Virginia	75%	255 kWh42 kWh–391 kWh	$39	$40	$64
Georgia	85%	310 kWh53 kWh–484 kWh	$28	$38	$50
North Carolina	83%	269 kWh46 kWh–443 kWh	$20	$34	$40
Illinois	73%	152 kWh29 kWh–187 kWh	$19	$33	$70
Michigan	69%	137 kWh24 kWh–191 kWh	$21	$31	$34
Pennsylvania	69%	140 kWh24 kWh–201 kWh	$25	$31	$32
Arizona	86%	258 kWh74 kWh–417 kWh	$29	$30	$45
New Jersey	63%	132 kWh24 kWh–165 kWh	$26	$29	$37
Ohio	75%	151 kWh28 kWh–187 kWh	$25	$27	$39
Massachusetts	50%	95 kWh21 kWh–127 kWh	$24	$27	$41
Colorado	72%	155 kWh29 kWh–187 kWh	$19	$25	$25
New York	50%	105 kWh20 kWh–129 kWh	$16	$23	$48
Minnesota	73%	143 kWh19 kWh–205 kWh	$22	$23	$23
Oregon	57%	139 kWh28 kWh–197 kWh	$20	$21	$27
Washington	44%	104 kWh21 kWh–138 kWh	$11	$16	$22

Microwave

Cooking and reheating, plus the standby draw of the clock and panel. In 96% of homes nationally, using a mean of 107 kWh a year.

What a microwave adds to a year’s bill, by state
State	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest	Median	Dearest
California	95%	108 kWh60 kWh–134 kWh	$25	$44	$56
Massachusetts	95%	102 kWh55 kWh–135 kWh	$26	$29	$44
Pennsylvania	97%	108 kWh58 kWh–138 kWh	$19	$24	$24
Michigan	96%	104 kWh54 kWh–131 kWh	$16	$24	$26
Illinois	96%	106 kWh58 kWh–145 kWh	$13	$23	$49
New Jersey	94%	96 kWh54 kWh–115 kWh	$19	$21	$27
New York	91%	90 kWh50 kWh–115 kWh	$14	$20	$41
Ohio	96%	108 kWh63 kWh–153 kWh	$18	$20	$28
Colorado	95%	113 kWh66 kWh–152 kWh	$14	$18	$18
Minnesota	98%	113 kWh67 kWh–142 kWh	$18	$18	$18
Virginia	96%	112 kWh60 kWh–142 kWh	$17	$17	$28
Washington	94%	114 kWh63 kWh–150 kWh	$12	$17	$24
Oregon	94%	117 kWh68 kWh–151 kWh	$17	$17	$22
Florida	97%	105 kWh60 kWh–133 kWh	$13	$15	$17
North Carolina	98%	106 kWh63 kWh–132 kWh	$8	$13	$16
Arizona	96%	111 kWh59 kWh–152 kWh	$13	$13	$19
Georgia	98%	107 kWh56 kWh–135 kWh	$10	$13	$17
Texas	97%	110 kWh62 kWh–138 kWh	$12	$13	$15

Dishwasher

The dishwasher's motor, controls and internal heater, including the heated dry cycle where one is used. In 69% of homes nationally, using a mean of 112 kWh a year.

What a dishwasher adds to a year’s bill, by state
State	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest	Median	Dearest
California	67%	97 kWh32 kWh–142 kWh	$23	$40	$50
Massachusetts	68%	124 kWh44 kWh–170 kWh	$31	$35	$54
Illinois	64%	121 kWh42 kWh–170 kWh	$15	$27	$56
New York	53%	114 kWh41 kWh–159 kWh	$18	$25	$52
New Jersey	69%	115 kWh39 kWh–162 kWh	$22	$25	$32
Michigan	67%	109 kWh42 kWh–149 kWh	$16	$25	$27
Pennsylvania	65%	112 kWh42 kWh–158 kWh	$20	$25	$25
Ohio	63%	114 kWh41 kWh–169 kWh	$19	$21	$29
Washington	81%	135 kWh64 kWh–187 kWh	$14	$21	$29
Colorado	80%	126 kWh57 kWh–166 kWh	$15	$20	$21
Minnesota	72%	126 kWh56 kWh–178 kWh	$20	$20	$21
Oregon	79%	129 kWh62 kWh–182 kWh	$18	$19	$25
Virginia	75%	118 kWh42 kWh–178 kWh	$18	$18	$30
Georgia	74%	119 kWh43 kWh–179 kWh	$11	$15	$19
North Carolina	71%	114 kWh41 kWh–171 kWh	$9	$14	$17
Florida	76%	97 kWh38 kWh–140 kWh	$12	$14	$15
Texas	73%	100 kWh34 kWh–147 kWh	$11	$12	$14
Arizona	79%	97 kWh39 kWh–136 kWh	$11	$11	$17

Humidifier

Portable and whole-home humidifiers. In 24% of homes nationally, using a mean of 139 kWh a year.

What a humidifier adds to a year’s bill, by state
State	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest	Median	Dearest
Michigan	46%	158 kWh66 kWh–157 kWh	$24	$36	$39
California	14%	86 kWh13 kWh–111 kWh	$20	$35	$45
Ohio	33%	186 kWh67 kWh–237 kWh	$31	$34	$48
New Jersey	27%	147 kWh60 kWh–195 kWh	$29	$32	$41
Illinois	43%	145 kWh59 kWh–169 kWh	$18	$32	$66
Colorado	40%	186 kWh50 kWh–256 kWh	$22	$30	$30
Massachusetts	28%	102 kWh58 kWh–130 kWh	$26	$29	$44
Pennsylvania	26%	130 kWh61 kWh–157 kWh	$23	$28	$29
Florida	6%	200 kWh14 kWh–319 kWh	$25	$28	$32
New York	32%	121 kWh44 kWh–146 kWh	$19	$27	$55
Virginia	29%	164 kWh64 kWh–174 kWh	$25	$26	$41
North Carolina	18%	159 kWh34 kWh–173 kWh	$12	$20	$24
Minnesota	37%	120 kWh58 kWh–133 kWh	$19	$19	$19
Georgia	20%	135 kWh14 kWh–142 kWh	$12	$17	$22
Washington	17%	106 kWh14 kWh–150 kWh	$11	$16	$22
Arizona	19%	135 kWh14 kWh–259 kWh	$15	$16	$24
Texas	13%	116 kWh14 kWh–133 kWh	$13	$14	$16

Washing machine

The washer's own motor and controls. Heating the water is billed to the water heater, not here. In 84% of homes nationally, using a mean of 69 kWh a year.

What a washing machine adds to a year’s bill, by state
State	Share of homes	Use a year	Cheapest	Median	Dearest
California	76%	62 kWh34 kWh–76 kWh	$14	$25	$32
Massachusetts	75%	63 kWh35 kWh–77 kWh	$16	$18	$27
Michigan	87%	66 kWh35 kWh–77 kWh	$10	$15	$16
Illinois	79%	67 kWh36 kWh–85 kWh	$9	$15	$31
Pennsylvania	86%	67 kWh34 kWh–85 kWh	$12	$15	$15
New Jersey	75%	65 kWh35 kWh–80 kWh	$13	$14	$18
New York	61%	60 kWh32 kWh–76 kWh	$9	$13	$27
Ohio	84%	68 kWh36 kWh–82 kWh	$12	$12	$17
Minnesota	85%	71 kWh40 kWh–84 kWh	$11	$11	$12
Colorado	85%	66 kWh35 kWh–82 kWh	$8	$11	$11
Virginia	89%	67 kWh36 kWh–81 kWh	$10	$11	$17
Washington	85%	66 kWh38 kWh–79 kWh	$7	$10	$14
Oregon	90%	65 kWh38 kWh–80 kWh	$9	$10	$12
Florida	88%	66 kWh37 kWh–78 kWh	$8	$9	$11
Georgia	91%	74 kWh43 kWh–84 kWh	$7	$9	$12
North Carolina	91%	70 kWh40 kWh–84 kWh	$5	$9	$10
Texas	88%	72 kWh42 kWh–85 kWh	$8	$9	$10
Arizona	91%	65 kWh36 kWh–80 kWh	$7	$8	$11

What these figures assume

The consumption is spread evenly across the year. An appliance used mostly in one season meets a seasonal or tiered schedule differently, in a direction that depends on the schedule, so nothing here is adjusted either way. The rest of the home is the state’s mean household consumption less this appliance, never less than zero.

Every figure is computed when the site is built, by the rate engine described on the methodology page, from the records named below. A state figure covers the utilities indexed there and no others.

Estimate — your actual bill may differ.

NREL/OpenEI Utility Rate Database (CC0 1.0), retrieved October 8, 2026.

EIA Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2020 (US public domain), retrieved September 2, 2026.